American Dream

Producer:

Mikkeller

Complaint:

“We have had the below concerns raised to our department via another Police Officer regarding the labeling (sic) of the following drinks:

[redacted] Mikkeller – Side Eyes and American Dream both showing cartoon characters. Given that they are both the same size as standard can of coke adds to our concerns around the appeal to under 18s.

The drinks were out of reach to children”

These drinks were seen in Sainsbury’s in Warlingham CR6 9DY

Complainant:

Metropolitan Police

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.1

The alcoholic nature of a drink should be communicated on its packaging with absolute clarity.

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(h)

A drink, its packaging or promotion should not have a particular appeal to under-18s (in the case of sponsorship, those under 18 years of age should not comprise more than 25% of the participants, audience or spectators)

NOT UPHELD

The company’s submission

In response to the complainant’s claim that the product did not comply with rule 3.1 of the Code, the company stated that it did not agree. The company explained that it was easy for a consumer to quickly ascertain that the drink contained alcohol as the can had the alcohol by volume (ABV) clearly marked on the can, along with a list of other ingredients and an indication that the drink was ‘brewed’. The company also highlighted that the top of the can included ‘Extra Dry-Hopped’ in capital letters as well as ‘American Dream Pils’ and that the side of the can included ‘Extra Dry-Hopped Pilsner’ which were all well-known terms for beer. The company stated that the design of the label was not overly busy, and this ensured the alcoholic nature of the product was communicated with absolute clarity.

In summary, the company stated that there were several cues on the packaging that indicated the alcoholic nature of the product:

• The alcohol by volume was displayed in connection with the ingredients list;
• ‘Extra Dry-Hopped’, ‘American Dream Pils’ and ‘Extra Dry-Hopped Pilsner’, which were all commonly known as beer, appeared in capital letters on the top, front and side of the label;
• The word ‘beer’ was conveyed in different languages (including English);
• Barley malt, oat flakes, hops and yeast were all listed as ingredients which were commonly associated with beer;
• The label stated that the product was ‘brewed’;
• All of the information on the label was used in reference to an alcoholic drink and did not include any conflicting language or imagery.

The company then addressed the complainant’s concern that the product did not comply with rule 3.2(h) of the Code. The company stated that it had never been its intention for Side Eyes to appeal to under-18s and that the product had never been targeted at under-18s through its packaging, promotional material or any other activity. The company noted that the complainant had also stated that the drink was out of the reach of children.

The company explained that it had collaborated with the respected artist and designer, Keith Shore, who had developed a Mikkeller-universe which aimed to refresh the way beer was branded. The company explained that the colourful universe was introduced to make its products more appealing to more than just the typical beer consumer and to attract female consumers. The company stated that Mr Shore had created unique artwork for modern adult consumers and not cartoons that would have a particular appeal to children.

The company asserted that illustrated characters could also appeal to adults and highlighted that there were entire genres and styles that were geared towards adults, such as graphic novels and Japanese anime. The company stated that other beer companies also used illustrated characters as part of a self-taught style of art on packaging.

The company cited previous decisions made by the Independent Complaints Panel, including Keller Pils, Buoyancy Aid and Flamingo Tears Pink Grapefruit Gin, which it believed confirmed that illustrated characters were not in themselves a violation of Code paragraph 3.2(h). The company stated that the illustrations depicted on the packaging were not of particular appeal to children and reflected adult characters in a 1950s style. The company explained that the characters were styled in an ‘oddball’ manner and did not reflect a style that would be of particular appeal to people under the age of 25. The company further explained that the male character portrayed on the packaging wore a traditional hat, whilst the female character had big distinctive hair in a style that was unlikely to appeal to children. The company stated that the artwork used on the packaging was colourful and quirky, but not in a way which was likely to be of particular appeal to under-18s. The company reiterated that the characters were not reminiscent of children’s animation and were inspired by pop art and other modern art styles that would be of interest to adults and therefore directly targeted at that age group.

The company stated that all of the language used on the can was exclusively focused on communicating facts about the beer and did not adopt a tone of voice likely to be of particular appeal to under-18s. The company also highlighted that the font used on the can was neutral in style.

The company stated that the overall impression conveyed by the product did not lead it to have a particular appeal to children and concluded that it was not in breach of Code rule 3.2(h).

The Panel’s assessment

Code paragraph 3.1

The Panel first discussed whether the packaging communicated the alcoholic nature of the drink with absolute clarity. The Panel discussed the company’s response and explanation for the use of the brand imagery and labelling. The Panel considered the artwork that wrapped around three quarters of the can and the overall impression conveyed by the product packaging.

The Panel discussed the company’s response and noted that there were some discrepancies between the company’s description of positive alcohol cues and the information presented on the packaging that the company had sent for consideration.  The Panel noted that ‘India Pale Lager’ appeared on the top of the can and that ‘Extra Dry-Hopped’ on the side of the can but noted that there were no other references to beer in multiple languages as described by the company.  Whilst the Panel noted the discrepancies it concluded that this did not make a substantial difference to the overall impression conveyed by the packaging.

The Panel observed that the front of the can had minimal positive cues indicating alcoholic content and that it mainly comprised of the artwork that had been designed for the product. The Panel discussed the company’s submission but considered that the word ‘brewed’ could appear on soft drinks and the expansion of the alcohol-free market in the UK meant that this term alone could not be relied upon to communicate the alcoholic nature of a product.  The Panel went on to consider the overall impression conveyed by the can and noted the use of the phrase ‘India Pale Lager’ on the back label in the same field of vision as the alcoholic strength by volume (ABV). The Panel also noted that ‘Lager’ appeared in bold font around the top of the can and that this was a well-recognised term for an alcoholic beer.  The Panel discussed the company’s response that the product was sold on a retail shelf out of the reach of children and reminded producers that the positioning of a product in retail space did not fall within the regulatory remit of the Code and that the product had to be considered as though it could appear in a home environment.  The Panel noted that the product was not produced exclusively for the UK market and that the back of the label was therefore missing some positive alcohol cues that UK consumers would be familiar with, for instance, the product’s unit content, signposting to Drinkaware and the UK Chief Medical Officers’ Low Risk Drinking Guidelines.

The Panel debated at length the overall impression conveyed by the product and acknowledged that there was no distinction between the front and back of a product when determining the alcoholic nature of a product as an average consumer would pick up the product and assess it in its entirety.  The Panel noted that the can had complied with minimum legal requirements and that there was no contradictory language used on the product which may detract from the product’s alcoholic nature. Based on the overall impression conveyed by the product, the Panel concluded that the packaging did not breach rule 3.1.  The Panel, however, also agreed that the product could be clearer when communicating its alcoholic nature with absolute clarity and encouraged the producer to consider placing the ABV on the front of the label in the future.

Code paragraph 3.2(h)

The Panel then discussed whether the packaging was in breach of Code rule 3.2(h). The Panel discussed the artwork on the front of the can and noted that the colour palette was muted in tone and did not feature bright contrast colours. The Panel noted that while the artwork used bold lines, the artwork in this instance was focused on one character and the close-up nature of its presentation meant that it appeared stylised and abstract as opposed to cartoon-like.  The Panel considered that the abstract presentation meant that it was unlikely that the artwork would hold a particular appeal to under-18s, particularly when used alongside muted colours.

The Panel also discussed the presentation of the company’s brand logo which had a similar artistic style as the artwork on the front of the can and consisted of a dark line drawing. The Panel considered that the brand logo was quite prominent on the back of the can and discussed whether its prominence on the packaging could inadvertently become part of the brand narrative, rather than simply a corporate logo.  The Panel considered that in this context the company logo did not have a particular appeal to under-18s but urged caution of its use in the future depending on the overall impression conveyed by the rest of the product packaging and the prominence of the logo in this context.

The Panel concluded that the product did not have a particular appeal to under-18s and did not breach Code rule 3.2(h).

Action by Company:

None required.

Quickie!

Producer:

Some Young Punks

Imported by:

Matthew Clark Bibendum Ltd

Complaint:

‘‘Quickie by Young Punks, easily found on Google. For sale in Home Bargains stores and from wine merchants. Beer pump clips like this were eliminated some time ago, and just because this is wine, it shouldn’t be any different. This objectifying, sexual branding is outdated and offensive. Also “quickie” could be seen as encouraging fast consumption of the wine”.

Complainant:

Member of the public

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.2(d):

A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest any association with sexual activity or sexual success.

UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(g):

A drink, its packaging and any promotional material should not in any direct or indirect way urge the consumer to drink rapidly or to ‘down’ a product in one.

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.3:

A drink’s name, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not cause serious or widespread offence.

UPHELD

The company’s submission

In response to the complainant’s claim that the product did not comply with rule 3.2(d) of the Code, the company stated that the packaging for Quickie was a modified iteration of the 1950 novel ‘Quickie!’. The company explained that this was an illustrated novel by an author named Gerald Foster, that depicted a woman dressed in a well-covered negligee and a man dressed in a suit. The company stated that the people illustrated on the bottle were stylised in what could be classified as ‘retro’ pulp fiction images. The company emphasised the point that it was a 50’s style illustration that was depicted in a light-hearted manner.  The company further stated that the name ‘Quickie’ and associated verbiage could not reasonably be taken to suggest or encourage unwanted sexual advantages, not only in line with the colloquial expression, but also due to the fact that the woman’s name was clearly depicted as Quickie!. The company highlighted the phrase printed on the front of the label which stated ‘when there’s no time to think. There’s more time for love’ and explained that it did not promote sexual success as it was a light-hearted quip which was relevant in the context of the novel illustrations of the period. The company stated that it was of the view that there was nothing that showed that consumption of the wine led to sexual success in the pulp novel illustration.

In response to the complainant’s claim that the product did not comply with rule 3.2(g) of the Code, the company stated that as the imagery was devoid of the inclusion of alcohol it was not reasonable to draw a parallel between the title of the wine and rapid consumption.

In response to the complainant’s claim that the product did not comply with rule 3.3 of the Code, the company reiterated that the image was one that adorned a Pulp Fiction novel cover in 1950. The company stated that the imagery was not an actual picture, but an illustration that did not represent actual behaviour. The company stated that although the illustration depicted the possibility of a romantic situation, with a man in a suit and a woman fastening or unfastening her stocking, there was no suggestion alcohol had contributed to or heightened the interaction. The company acknowledged that there could be mild confusion about the label but emphasised that the tone and era of the label were correct and information about the background of the label was clearly explained on its website.

The company advised that it had discontinued the brand and packaging in 2018.  The company explained that it was a small independent wine brand based in Clare, South Australia and that it acted vigilantly in regard to its marketing and would never intentionally breach the Code.

The importer’s submission

The importer confirmed that it was the sole distributor of the product in the UK but did not hold the UK brand rights for it which remained with the producer, Some Young Punks.

The importer stated that it accepted that the product may not comply with rule 3.2(d). However, it did not believe that the product was in breach of rule 3.2(g) or rule 3.3. The importer explained that the company had advised that the branding was inspired by a pulp fiction novel called Quickie! and did not reference rapid consumption of a drink. The importer acknowledged that the brand name could be misconstrued if not viewed in the context of the original pulp fiction inspiration.

The importer confirmed that the product had been sold in the UK for the past three years and it had not received any other complaints related to the branding which suggested that it had not caused serious or widespread offence.

The importer also confirmed that the product had been discontinued and was therefore no longer in production.

The importer confirmed that it had shared the Portman Group’s Code of Practice on the Naming, Packaging and Promotion of Alcoholic Drinks with its buying team and technical team to ensure that the teams understood the requirements of the Code of Practice. The importer stated that it took issues of this nature seriously and understood the importance of responsible marketing of alcoholic drinks.

The Panel’s assessment

Code rule 3.2 (d)

The Panel first discussed whether the packaging had directly or indirectly suggested any association with sexual activity or sexual success. The Panel discussed the company’s response and explanation for the use of the brand imagery and name. The Panel considered the imagery on the front of the product and the overall impression conveyed by the product packaging. The Panel discussed the illustration on the front of the bottle, which depicted a woman in a state of undress on a bed whilst looking back to a man dressed in a suit which suggested that a sexual encounter was imminent or had already occurred.  The Panel noted that the image depicted the woman in a highly sexualised manner. The Panel was also concerned about the imagery used in conjunction with the phrase ‘When there’s no time to think, there is time for love’, which when considered alongside the imagery, further linked the product to sexual behaviour. The Panel discussed the product name ‘’Quickie!’ and agreed that the use of the name in combination with the illustration and additional phrase, ‘Oh, what a gal was Quickie’, created a direct link to sexual activity. The Panel considered that the imagery, brand name and phrases on the packaging created a direct link to sexual activity and therefore concluded that the packaging breached rule 3.2(d).

Code rule 3.2 (g)

The Panel then discussed whether the packaging was in breach of rule 3.2(g). The Panel considered the complainant’s concern that the name ‘Quickie!’ encouraged fast consumption of the wine. The Panel discussed the name in isolation and agreed that it could be problematic when used on an alcoholic drink. However, the Panel noted that in this instance, the word ‘Quickie!’ had been used as a reference to sexual activity and that there was nothing else on the product packaging that encouraged rapid consumption of the product, either directly or indirectly. Based on the overall impression conveyed by the product, the Panel concluded that the packaging did not breach rule 3.2(g) but urged producers to think carefully when using such language on an alcoholic product.

Code rule 3.3

The Panel discussed whether the packaging caused serious or widespread offence. The Panel discussed the need to distinguish whether the overall impression conveyed was distasteful or whether it was likely to cause serious or widespread offence. The Panel considered the illustration on the front of the bottle and its depiction of the female and male characters. The Panel noted that the image of the woman was featured prominently on the packaging and placed unnecessary focus on the woman’s body in a sexualised manner. The Panel was concerned about the gratuitous use of the female form and considered that the imagery was problematic for its objectification of the woman based on her gender and sex.  The Panel was also concerned that the illustration depicted a power imbalance between the female and the male and endorsed negative gender stereotyping by portraying the woman in a demeaning sexualised state of undress on a bed while the man appeared standing up in a suit. The Panel considered the company’s submission but concluded that the explanation was not sufficient to justify the use of product name, imagery and language used on the product. The Panel considered that the gratuitous, sexualised image of the woman was objectifying and demeaning to women and caused serious offence based on gender and sex.  The Panel therefore concluded that the packaging was in breach of rule 3.3.

Action by Company:

Product is no longer being produced

Little Pomona Table Cider

Producer:

Little Pomona Cider House

Complaint 1:

“I was browsing the internet recently and was shocked to see an image of a little girl on the front of a cider bottle.  The bottle is called Little Pomona, the term “Little” emphasises the fact that the child on the front is a “little girl”. It appears to show a young child in a school uniform wearing a headband with stars on it.  I find this extremely worrying. This bottle I believe would attract children to try and buy this product which is very concerning.  Why would anyone put a picture of a child on a bottle of alcohol? I hope this matter can be investigated.  The company appears to be in Herefordshire and they are currently selling it online”.

Complaint 2:

“Hello, I have recently come across a cider brand called Little Pomona. It has a little girl on the front to which my daughter at 8yrs old said she would like. I find it absolutely [sic] absurd that a company can market a cider with what look likes a young girl on it. in this day and age where under age drinking is getting worse not better we are now allowing companies to market alcohol to young children? I spoke with my other friends about this and they have said exactly the same. My daughter thought it was fizzy pop for kids. How is this allowed in this day and age ‘little Pomona’ means little apple so what a young child advertising cider has to do with their brand I have no idea, it’s truly disgusting and I hope you will look at this seriously. Shocking in all honesty”

Complainants:

Members of the public 

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.1:

The alcoholic nature of a drink should be communicated on its packaging with absolute clarity.

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(h):

A drink, its packaging or promotion should not have a particular appeal to under-18s (in the case of sponsorship, those under 18 years of age should not comprise more than 25% of the participants, audience or spectators).

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(i):

A drink, its packaging or promotional material should not, in any direct or indirect way incorporate images of people who are, or look as if they are, under twenty-five years of age, where there is any suggestion that they are drinking alcohol or they are featured in a significant role. Images may be shown where people appear only in an incidental context.

NOT UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company stated that it had carefully considered the Portman Group’s Code of Practice on the Naming, Packaging and Promotion of Alcoholic Drinks and explained that it had always intended for the written and visual communication of the brand to be adult in nature. The company explained that the cider was marketed as an aspirational drink and sold in 75cl sharing glass bottles with the intention to elevate the profile of cider.  The company explained that the cider was aimed at a mature palate and that it did not sweeten or add any flavours.

The company stated that it used its tasting room on site to encourage consumers to taste the cider in small measures with food.  The company explained that it employed a premium pricing policy with a RRP of £9-10 which meant that its Table Cider was priced well above the market average and was a natural barrier to underage purchase.

In its submission, the company explained the origins of the product name ‘Little Pomona’. The company explained that the name was derived from the myth of Pomona who was the Roman goddess of fruitful abundance and a skilled orchardist. The company also explained that there had previously been a successful cidery called Pomona in Herefordshire which had been purchased by Bulmers and had ceased to trade. The company stated that it had decided to prefix Pomona with the word “Little” in homage to the former cidery explained that it also reflected the fact that it was a little business in the context of the wider cider industry. The company stated that it also needed to distinguish itself from a farm called Pomona Farm near Hereford City.

The company then addressed the concerns raised in relation to the illustration on the product packaging. The company stated that it wanted to emphasise the cider’s connection with food and why it subsequently used imagery of a picnic at a table on the front label. The company stated that the image of the female figure on the front label portrayed a confident young woman whom it identified as Pomona. The company explained that the imagery was meant to portray the woman as someone who owned or worked in the orchard. The company stated that it had also wanted to address the gender imbalance in the production of cider by naming its cidery after Pomona.  The company stated that it had considered the Portman Group’s Code rules when designing its packaging and had worked hard to comply with the Code.

The company explained that it had commissioned the artist, Ariana Sauder, to create the artwork and had settled on an image that deliberately appealed to adult sensibilities. The company stated that it had chosen a contemporary depiction of Pomona, rather than the sexualised imagery of her seen in classical art. The company explained that the chosen colour palette was matt and not neon, glossy or child-like and that the colours were also soft and slightly unusual. The company stated that it had ensured that the principal character’s appearance on the front label was that of an individual who appeared to be above the age of 25 years. The company stated the character of Pomona was dressed as someone who worked in an orchard and that the scene depicted cider being consumed with food. In addition to this, the company stated that the character’s clothes were not uncommon amongst orchard workers and that the imagery on the headscarf of the moon and sun reflected the seasonality of its production. The company acknowledged that the interpretation of illustrations could always be subjective but stated that it believed that it had taken the correct approach and that imagery on the label was compliant with the Code. The company also highlighted that the label made two references to consuming cider with food and clearly included the ABV percentage.

The company stated that Table Cider was made in the same mould as Table Wine and was designed to be enjoyed with food and friends in moderation. The company explained that the Table Cider concept was designed to shift consumer perceptions of cider and that the product design sought to emphasise the key message that it should be paired with food. The company stated that it had attempted to communicate these messages in an illustrative manner using the product packaging and that it was aimed at sophisticated consumers. The company explained that the concept had been well received by consumers and the media since its launch in July 2020 and had appeared twice on national television on BBC’s Saturday Kitchen and Channel 4’s Sunday Brunch.  The company stated that it had not received any complaints or negative feedback about the label since its launch.

The company detailed its sales policy and confirmed that it did not support selling to those who were under-age. The company explained that its ciders were sold in specialist online shops, its website, specialist bottle shops, restaurants and bars.  The company emphasised that the product was presented in a 75cl wine bottle which  represented an adult cue and demonstrated that it was not likely to appeal to children.  The company stated that its website was double age-gated and that it had chosen a courier which operated a Challenge 25 delivery protocol.  The company stated that it had endeavoured to ensure that the brand character Pomona was depicted as over 25 years of age and that the product was targeted at sophisticated consumers instead of those who were underage.

The Panel’s assessment

Code Rule 3.2(h)

The Panel first considered whether the packaging complied with rule 3.2(h) and discussed the company’s response to the complaints. The Panel noted that the company had provided a detailed explanation behind the brand narrative but also noted that this did not appear on the product packaging and that the company could not expect consumers to be familiar with the folklore of Pomona.  The Panel considered the overall impression conveyed by the product and noted that the Pomona character was presented with a large head, wide eyes and what could be mistaken for a headband.  However, the Panel also acknowledged that the character was not in school uniform and that the illustration did not resemble an overly cartoon-like style that had been seen in similar cases.  The Panel noted that the colours used on the label were muted and did not feature contrast colours often associated with products aimed at those under-18. The Panel discussed the imagery on the label which depicted the characters consuming the cider with a cheese and bread board and agreed that this reflected an adult activity.

The Panel noted that the complainants had raised concerns about the use of the word ‘Little’ in the product name. The Panel considered the company’s submission and the narrative behind the name Pomona and the company’s use of the word ‘Little. The Panel discussed the name, both in isolation and as part of the brand narrative and considered that it was not problematic in this context. When considering the product as a whole, the Panel concluded that the packaging did not have a particular appeal to under-18s and did not find the product in breach of rule 3.2(h).

Code Rule 3.2(i)

The Panel discussed the representation of the female character on the label, who was identified as Pomona by the company. The Panel stated that it was difficult to guess the age of the character and that this was particularly subjective with stylised character.  The Panel considered the use of the word ‘Little’ in the product name and noted that in this context it could indicate that the character was under the age of 25.  However, the Panel noted that the spirit of rule 3.2(i) was intended to protect under-18s from being exposed to images in alcohol marketing of people with whom they might identify or aspire to be like. While the Panel noted that the age of the female character was ambiguous, they did not consider the character to be under the age of 18 or a child. The Panel also did not consider that the character would represent an individual that under-18s would identify with or aspire to be. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the product did not breach rule 3.2(i).

The Panel cautioned producers about the use of imagery that was ambiguous in nature under rule 3.2(i), particularly stylised illustrations, and encouraged companies to work with the Portman Group’s Advisory Service.

Code Rule 3.1

Whilst discussing whether the product complied with the Code, some Panel members were concerned that the product did not communicate its alcoholic nature with absolute clarity. The Panel therefore discussed whether the product was in breach of rule 3.1.

The Panel noted that ‘Table Cider’ was printed on the front of the label and that cider was commonly understood to be alcoholic in nature. The Panel also noted that the product was in a wine bottle with a crown cap and that further information was available on the back of the label which included the ABV percentage.  The Panel considered the overall impression conveyed by the product and concluded that the product did comply with rule 3.1.

Action by Company:

None required.

Producer:

Treasury Wine Estates

Complaint:

‘‘Concerning Blossom Hill Spritz Raspberry & Blackcurrant Can 250ml.

Nowhere on the can does it show the list of ingredients. In particular it does not indicate that it contains alcohol.

A friend looked at the can and said it is alcohol free because it only says fruits on the tin. I think it contains alcohol”.

Complainant:

Member of the public

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.1:

The alcoholic nature of a drink should be communicated on its packaging with absolute clarity.

UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company stated that Blossom Hill Spritz Raspberry and Blackcurrant 250ml Can (Blossom Hill Spritz) had been sold in its current form for over three years and had not received any complaints previously.

In response to the complainant’s claim that the product did not communicate its alcoholic nature with absolute clarity, the company stated that the product’s packaging clearly communicated its alcohol content in a range of ways.  The company explained that the product included:

• the alcoholic strength by volume (ABV) on the front of pack (5.5% vol) in bright red font against a white background;
• the UK Chief Medical Officers’ daily unit drinking guidelines;
• the UK pregnancy warning symbol;
• signposting to the Drinkaware website;
• the product descriptor ‘aromatized wine-product cocktail’;
• the Blossom Hill name and logo (one of the highest selling wine brands in the UK, with 83% brand awareness); and
• the word ‘Spritz’ which featured prominently on the front of the pack and was commonly associated with fizzy alcoholic beverages (for example, Aperol Spritz and white wine spritzers).

The company stated that the phrase ‘5.5% vol’ was generally understood by consumers to refer to alcoholic content and alcoholic strength.  The company also explained that the product was sold in the alcohol section of retail space, alongside other wine, which would also assist consumers in determining that the product was alcoholic.

The company then addressed Portman Group Guidance on Rule 3.1: Communicating Alcoholic Content.  The company noted that the guidance made it clear that high regard would be given to whether a product complied with Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers and the Food Information Regulations 2014 in the UK.  The company explained that the product complied with the law in full by displaying the ABV prominently and conspicuously in the field of vision on the front and rear label.  The company stated that the product was packaged in a 250ml can, not a novel container, and that this also conveyed the alcoholic nature of the product as it was dissimilar to 330ml cans used by many soft drink brands.  Finally, the company highlighted that guidance also referenced Panel consideration of positive cues and whether these outweighed negative cues when determining whether a product complied with Rule 3.1.  The company reasserted the points it had made about the prominent display of the ABV, the word ‘Spritz’, the descriptor ‘aromatized wine-product cocktail’, the brand awareness of Blossom Hill, the selling point of the product and also stated that the product retailed at £2 which was higher than any standard soft drink in the UK.

The company cited previous decisions made by the Independent Complaints Panel (Panel) and evaluated these alongside the product. The company highlighted the Guinness Original 4 x 330ml Cardboard Cluster Pack final decision (13 March 2014), in which the Panel concluded that given the many positive visual cues (’alc. 4.2%’, reference to ‘stout’, signposting to the Drinkaware website and ‘Drink Responsibly’), and the absence of negative cues, the product was not in breach of Rule 3.1.  The company stated that the same position applied to its product.

The company referenced the cases of Gamma Ray (19 March 2015) and Cwtch (24 October 2019) where consumers had mistaken beers in 330ml cans for soft drinks, but the Panel found no breach of Rule 3.1.  The company noted the positive alcohol cues on these products and the decisions which acknowledged that the positive cues outweighed the potential negative cues of a 330ml can and use of bright colours.  The company also stated that the use of raspberry and blackcurrant imagery was not targeted at under-18s but was rather a reflection of the flavours present in the wine beverage.

The company noted the Panel’s decision regarding Hoola Hooch (27 June 2018) which stated that the product packaging went above the minimal compliance level in communicating the alcoholic nature of the product and was not upheld under Rule 3.1.  In comparison, the company stated that Blossom Hill Spritz featured clear positive cues with reference to ‘Spritz’ (a term commonly used to describe an alcoholic cocktail), the ABV 5.5%, the descriptor ‘aromatized wine-product cocktail’, unit content, Drinkaware reference and pregnancy warning.

The company referenced the Panel’s HappyDown decision (13 September 2018) and highlighted the Panel’s concern that the positive cues were not immediately obvious and compromised by the cumulative impact of the negative cues.  In contrast, the company stated that Blossom Hill Spritz had a clear and prominent reference to ‘Spritz’ on the front of the pack in the prime field of vision, which was displayed in black text on a white background, as well as the large reference to the ABV in red font.  The company also explained that the fruit and bubble graphics had far less prominence and, when considered in combination with the positive cues, distinguished it from the HappyDown case.

The company noted that the Code Secretariat had provided Desperados (13 September 2018) as a similar case.  The company highlighted that the Panel did not find a breach in the case as the 250ml can size did not suggest an appeal to under-18s nor was the colour of the product deemed to be problematic.  The company stated that the fruit and bubble imagery was consistent with other ready-to-drink alcohol mixes with a fruit flavoured element.

The company concluded that the product was not in breach of the Code as it clearly communicated its alcohol content in a range of ways which went well beyond the legal minimum requirements.

As part of initial discussions during the complaint process, the company stated that it would be willing to take voluntary action to amend the packaging in order to ensure a quick and constructive resolution to the complaint.  However, these proposed labelling changes were provided with the caveat that the company did not agree that the product packaging was problematic under Rule 3.1.

In response to the Panel’s provisional decision, the company stated that it believed the Panel had taken a strict approach that went beyond the Portman Group’s guidance on Code Rule 3.1 and food labelling law.  The company stated that there was no evidence to suggest that the average consumer would be confused by the term ‘Spritz’ and that it had a clear association as a sparkling alcoholic wine-based drink.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel discussed whether the current packaging communicated the alcoholic nature of the drink with absolute clarity. The Panel considered the overall impression conveyed by the product packaging and discussed the number of ‘positive’ alcohol cues in relation to the number of ‘negative’ alcohol cues in line with Portman Group guidance in this area.

The Panel discussed the positive alcohol cues on the packaging and noted that the ABV was displayed in large red text on a white background on the front of the can.  Some members of the Panel also noted that the alcoholic nature of the product was further communicated on the back label of the product with references to unit content, Drinkaware and the Chief Medical Officers’ daily unit guidelines. The Panel also noted that that the product came in a 250ml can which was generally not synonymous with soft drink products as opposed to 330ml cans which sometimes resulted in consumer confusion.

The Panel noted that Blossom Hill was a well-known brand but was cautious about relying on a brand name to convey the alcoholic nature of a product as not all consumers would be familiar with this. The Panel stated that any product which seeks to solely rely on its brand name to convey its alcoholic nature is likely to breach the Code.

The Panel noted that while there were some positive cues on the packaging, there were also negative cues. The Panel considered the imagery on the product and the dominant images of fruit on the front label.  The Panel discussed the language used on the back of the can to describe the product and agreed that ‘fresh and lush aromas of summer berries lead to a refreshing taste palate, with raspberry, blackcurrant and strawberry hints.  Light tasting and bubbly, created for your enjoyment’ further contributed to a sense of confusion when determining whether the product was alcoholic.  Some Panel members stated that the launch of alcohol-free products, which used similar imagery and language, meant that some consumers could be confused by the product and that it needed to work harder to emphasise its alcoholic nature.

The Panel then discussed the descriptor ‘Spritz’ used on the front of the packaging. The Panel considered that while some consumers would link the word ‘Spritz’ to an alcoholic drink, some may not be aware of this link.  Some members of the Panel noted that the word ‘Spritz’ could also be linked to non-alcoholic carbonated drinks.  The Panel therefore considered that it could be difficult for a consumer to ascertain the alcoholic nature of the product at first glance due to uncertainty regarding the meaning of ‘Spritz’ as a descriptor. The Panel discussed the company’s provisional decision response which stated that it had not seen any evidence to suggest there was consumer uncertainty regarding the meaning of ’Spritz’ or its link to non-alcoholic carbonated drinks. The Panel noted that the company had not provided evidence to demonstrate that the term ‘Spritz’  was recognised by consumers as a positive cue when assessing whether a product was alcoholic. The Panel stated that the term ‘Spritz’ was used as a common vernacular across sparkling drinks, including both alcoholic and non-alcoholic sparkling drinks.. Given the lack of evidence to support the assertion that ‘Spritz’ was recognised as primarily an alcoholic sparkling drink by consumers, and the fact that some Panel members believed the term was not recognisable as a descriptor solely used on alcoholic drinks, he Panel remained of the view that the term contributed to the unclear alcoholic nature of the product.

The Panel debated at length the overall impression conveyed by the product and considered the product as a whole.  The Panel agreed that there was no distinction between the front and back of a product when assessing whether the alcoholic nature had been communicated with absolute clarity.  The Panel noted that a product may be problematic under Rule 3.1 if it is likely to cause consumer confusion as to its alcoholic nature. On this occasion, the Panel considered that the cumulative effect of the negative alcohol cues and lack of clarity on the front of the product did cause confusion as to whether the product was alcoholic, and the Panel accordingly upheld the product under Code Rule 3.1.

The Panel welcomed the producer’s proposed amendments to the product packaging and encouraged the company to work with the Portman Group’s Advisory Service when implementing any changes.

Action by Company:

Amending product label.

Producer:

Lost Brewing Co

Complaint:

”Lost Brewing Co in Cornwall has a 6.0% IPA called Loose Juice. Firstly, I believe the name violates the code, as well as the playful and immature branding appealing to under 18s. Then I saw a post on their Instagram page @lostbrewingco (screenshot attached) promoting Loose Juice as a solution to many ‘problems’ and even goes so far as to compare it to medication. I feel this should be addressed  immediately. Thank you for your consideration”.

Complainant:

Portman Group acting in lieu of member of the public

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.1:

The alcoholic nature of a drink should be communicated on its packaging with absolute clarity.

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(h):

A drink, its packaging or promotion should not have a particular appeal to under-18s (in the case of sponsorship, those under 18 years of age should not comprise more than 25% of the participants, audience or spectators).

NOT UPHELD

The Company’s submission

The company stated that it had carefully reviewed the Portman Group’s Code of Practice on the Naming, Packaging and Promotion of Alcoholic Drinks (Code), in particular Code rule 3.2(h), and believed that Loose Juice was compliant with the required standards.  The company also stated that it would not intentionally breach any aspect of the Code.

The company explained that the branding of ‘Loose Juice’ was designed to look as representative of the product as possible. The company stated that the colour of the label was the same colour as the beer and had been made to look ‘juicy’, ‘thick’ and ‘tropical’ which were common characteristics of the ‘NEIPA’ style of beer that was communicated on the front label along with the product’s 6% ABV. The company explained that it had chosen this branding style so that it appealed to consumers who favoured the NEIPA style of beer and would recognise it in a beer fridge.

The company further stated that, as a craft brewery, its beers were generally aimed at consumers in the 25+ range and this was reflected in the slightly higher price tag and quality of the product.  The company explained that it did not currently produce merchandise relating to the product which further ensured that it could not be seen by anyone under-18.  The company also stated that ‘Loose Juice’ was only sold at its bar and other local bottle shops in a 440ml can that was clearly displayed in a beer fridge.

The company added that it had removed the Instagram post that the complainant had referred to and had only intended for it to be construed in a satirical manner.

The Panel’s Assessment

Code rule 3.2(h)

The Panel first discussed whether the packaging had a particular appeal to under-18s. The Panel noted that the product name was presented in purple bubble font on a yellow background and had been presented so that it had a ‘juicy’ look and feel.  The Panel discussed the ‘particular’ aspect of Code rule 3.2(h) and acknowledged that the ‘particular appeal’ test was not one of quantity, but rather the way in which the packaging appealed to under-18s in a way that it did not with over-18s.  In this context, the Panel considered the overall impression conveyed by the product and noted that the colour palette was relatively muted, and the labelling did not include any fruit imagery or cartoon illustrations which it had previously seen in similar cases.  The Panel considered that whilst the bubble font may hold a certain level of appeal it was unlikely to be of particular appeal to under-18s.  Therefore, when considering the product as a whole, the Panel concluded that the packaging did not have a particular appeal to under-18s and did not find the product in breach of rule 3.2(h).

Code rule 3.1

Whilst discussing whether the product complied with the Code, some Panel members were concerned that the product did not communicate its alcoholic nature with absolute clarity. The Panel therefore discussed whether the product was in breach of rule 3.1.

The Panel discussed the product name ‘Loose Juice’ and agreed that any alcoholic product which incorporated the word ‘juice’ prominently as part of the brand name needed to ensure that its alcoholic nature was communicated with absolute clarity to minimise consumer confusion. The Panel noted that the front label contained the abbreviation, ‘NEIPA’, which some understood to stand for ‘New England India Pale Ale’ but also recognised that some consumers would not be familiar with the term. The Panel noted that the front label included the name of the company, ‘Lost Brewing Co’, and the product’s alcoholic strength by volume.  The Panel discussed the presentation of the product’s ABV and noted that, in the context of a product with the word ‘juice’ in the brand name, it was not completely clear as to whether the percentage referred to juice content or alcohol content. The Panel then considered the back label and noted that it featured numerous positive alcoholic cues including the product’s unit content, signposting to Drinkaware, pregnancy logo and the outdated Chief Medical Officers’ daily unit guidelines.

The Panel debated the overall impression conveyed by the product and considered the product as a whole. The Panel was concerned that the incorporation of the word ‘juice’ in the brand name on the front label could cause consumer confusion, particularly when the ABV statement did not incorporate the abbreviation ‘alc’ or the word ‘alcohol’ to provide further clarity.  However, whilst the Panel considered that the front of the can could do more to convey the alcoholic nature of the product, the back label displayed numerous positive alcohol cues clearly indicating the alcoholic nature of the product. Accordingly, the Panel concluded that the product was compliant with rule 3.1.

Action by Company:

None required.

Producer: Silent Pool Distillery

Final Decision: 26 November 2020

Considered under the 6^th Edition of the Code.

Complaint summary:

“I’ve just come across Silent Pools new CBD gin “Colorado High” which is clearly making reference to “getting high” on an alcoholic product! Even the picture on the front looks hallucinogenic..”

COMPLAINANT

Portman Group acting in lieu.

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.2(c):

3.2(c) A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest any association with, acceptance of, or allusion to, illicit drugs

UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(j)

3.2(j)  A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest that the product has therapeutic qualities, can enhance mental or physical capabilities, or change mood or behaviour

UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company said it had sold over 2000 bottles without any negative feedback that any consumers believed the product name referred to an illicit drug. The company also added that it exported the product to three countries within the EU and had never received a complaint. The company stated it did not believe the product was in breach.

The company explained the CBD came from Colorado USA, and one of its unique features was that it was grown at an altitude over one mile above sea level. The company pointed out that Denver (capital of Colorado) was known as the ‘Mile High City’. The company said this location and altitude ensured the highest quality ingredient – free from pollution, using pure mountain water, and enjoying Colorado’s 300 days of sunshine.

The company stated that the purity of raw materials was a key part of the marketing to health-conscious consumers who believed CBD had health and wellbeing benefits. The company said it had drawn on their location assets to amplify the point.  They said the Colorado High referred only to the location and nothing else.

The company stated CBD had no hallucinogenic effects and was not an illicit drug. The company also stated it was widely marketed and sold in a range of products, with various concentrations and applications.

The company said CBD was widely believed to enhance overall body wellness enhancements; it had referred to that view but did not suggest it had any other effect. The company said it did not hide the fact that the product contained CBD as CBD was not an illegal or proscribed product.

The company stated it had not used the name ‘cannabis’ or any other illicit drug name, nor had it drawn comparisons or associations to illegal drug use. The company said it focused on the pollution free nature of the CBD.

The company explained the ‘High Plains Snifter’ cocktail recipe was a play on the 1973 film ‘High Plains Drifter’. The company stated the High Plains were in Colorado and did not draw a connection with an illicit hallucinogenic drug; there were plenty of other movies it could have made the connection with if it had wanted to.

The company sent a photo which inspired the artwork. The company said the colours in the illustration sought to stylise the Autumn colours in the photograph of the famous Colorado scene.  The company said it had not taken an abstract drug induced scene but had sought to anchor the product in messaging around pure, clean, high mountain peaks, an allusion to the product name.

In response to the Panel’s provisional decision, the company stated that it was concerned that the foundation of the Panel’s concern seemed to be that CBD was an illegal or illicit substance when it was not. The company stated that CBD was freely and widely available because there was no evidence that it had any negative impact and modest evidence that it had a positive impact. The company highlighted that while CBD fans and consumers believed CBD had health benefits, that was a personally advocated view rather than a clinical truth.  In short, the company stated that there was no identifiable consumer harm from the product that the public needed to be protected from.

The company went on to address some of the points made in the Panel’s provisional decision.  The company reasserted that the mountains and lake were a stylised version of a famous view and the distorted view through the artist’s eyes did not make it ‘hallucinogenic’.

The company noted that the Panel appeared to be using a dictionary definition of ‘high’ which rested on intoxication or euphoria, states that would be far greater than CBD would cause.  The company suggested that the briefing note the Panel received was bias as it tried to link CBD to cannabis.

Notably the company stated that the back-label wording was deliberately very broadly cast, to effectively be meaningless. The company stated that it did not claim to suppress or enhance anything, instead it talked about balance, whatever that was for a person and left the consumer unaltered.

In conclusion, the company claimed that the Panel had made assertions as to whether consumers would infer therapeutic benefits from CBD and that this was not proven.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel first considered whether the packaging suggested an association with illicit drugs.

The Panel understood that cannabis was an illicit drug in the UK but that CBD was not.  They noted the packaging referred to CBD and hemp but not to cannabis.

Some Panel members thought the image of the mountains and the lake, with stylised rainbow colours, had a hallucinogenic feel but the Panel considered, on balance, that the image was not a problem in itself.  The Panel acknowledged that the producer intended the product name to refer to the location and altitude of the place where the CBD was produced.  They also noted, however, that Colorado was one of the first states in the US to decriminalise recreational cannabis and that ‘high’ was commonly associated with drugs. The Panel considered that these elements might be acceptable, individually, in some contexts but concluded that on this packaging, the cumulative effect of the image, the reference to Colorado and the word ‘high’ created an indirect association with illicit drugs.  The Panel therefore concluded that the product breached Code rule 3.2(c).

The Panel was also concerned that the packaging implied the product had therapeutic qualities.  The Panel noted that the back label of the product stated ‘A sensory infusion of wellness-enhancing CBD and refreshingly complex gin …’ and ‘Colorado High is a spirit that supports your body’s natural balance and tastes great doing so’.  The Panel discussed the company’s response to the provisional decision and considered that there was a distinction to be made between the legality of CBD, which was not an issue, and any suggested therapeutic effects. The Panel was of the view that that the packaging did convey a health benefit by stating that it was ‘wellness-enhancing’. The Panel considered these claims were clear and explicit claims that the product had therapeutic qualities and accordingly upheld the complaint under Code rule 3.2(j).

The Panel then discussed the product descriptor ‘CBD Gin’ and questioned whether it was acceptable to include ‘CBD’ in a product description on packaging containing alcohol.  The Panel noted CBD was widely marketed as providing pain relief or other health benefits.  The Panel was concerned that consumers were therefore likely to infer that an alcoholic product containing CBD had therapeutic benefits, even in the absence of explicit claims about health or wellbeing.

The Panel considered that producers should give consumers information about the inclusion of CBD as an ingredient, if it was present, but could convey that without referring to CBD in the product name.  After carefully considering the risk that consumers would infer therapeutic qualities, the Panel concluded on the basis of the evidence in this case that products containing CBD should name it as an ingredient but should not incorporate CBD into the name of the product or the product descriptor or feature it prominently on their packaging.

The Panel considered that including CBD in the product descriptor, immediately below the brand name, amounted to an implicit claim of therapeutic qualities.  The Panel concluded that the description ‘CBD Gin’ on the front of the bottle, as well as the claims about wellbeing elsewhere on the packaging, breached Code rule 3.2(j). The Panel urged caution to companies that marketed health and wellness products and stressed the need to avoid suggestions that such products had therapeutic qualities.

The Chair directly responded to the company’s allegation that the Panel had received bias advice by linking CBD to cannabis.  The Chair sought to remind the company that the complainant, company and the Panel all received the same list of documents for consideration and the company had been given sight of this before the meeting.  The Chair noted that the Panel had received the complaint, the producer’s response, previous similar Panel decisions and publicly available guidance under Code rule 3.2(j).  The Chair strongly refuted the suggestion that the Panel was not independent.

Producer: Heineken

Final Decision: 3 September 2020

Considered under the 6^th Edition of the Code.

COMPLAINT SUMMARY:

“I wish to complain about Orchard Thieves Cider, where the can shows a cartoon animal which would be attractive to children & it also states “Stolen from Herefordshire”, which is a clear admission of illegal activity.”

COMPLAINANT:

Member of the public

DECISION:

Under Code paragraph 3.2(h):

3.2(h) A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way have a particular appeal to under-18s

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.3:

3.3     A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest that the product has therapeutic qualities, can enhance mental or physical capabilities, or change mood or behaviour.

NOT UPHELD

The  company’s submission:

The company stated Orchard Thieves cans were only available until the second quarter of 2019. The company highlighted they were removed from the off trade and only available with EasyJet until July 2020. The company stated it was important to note the cans were not available in the UK and there were no plans to reintroduce them, they were only available in draft form on the on-trade with a new refreshed design from July 2020.

The company explained the name was inspired by foxes eating apples destined for cider in their Herefordshire orchard. The company stated the fictional brand story stated foxes wanted the best apples, but they wanted them for the cider. The company did not believe the image or strapline breached the Code.

The company stated the image of the fox did not appeal to under 18s because:

• The branding was monotone – cream and black which did not appeal to under-18s
• The fox was not in a ‘cartoon’ style, but was a stencilled silhouette accurately depicting the outline of a fox. There was no facial expressions or characterisation in the imagery which reduced the risk of appeal to under-18s
• The fox was not a famous character known to under-18s
• It was clearly marked as cider with the ABV clearly labelled.

The company referenced the Portman Group’s Guidance Notes for Code Rule 3.2 (h). The examples which would be deemed a breach included cartoon characterisation, ‘young’ colours like pink or blue. The company stated none of these applied to Orchard Thieves.

The company stated the phrase ‘Stolen from Herefordshire’ would no longer be used from August 2020. The company explained that to cause serious or widespread offence, it would need to believably be offended the majority of people. The company did not believe this was the case. The company stated it was clearly a make-believe notion a fox could intentionally steal apple, and even more so it was encouraging people to steal apples.

The company highlighted that no group was being targeted by the phrase, and did not believe the majority of people would interpret it as offensive.

The company raised 3.2(b), and stated it believed the product could be considered under the rule. The company stated it wished to respond to this rule so the Panel could make an informed judgment.

The company stated it was clear the language related solely to foxes, and this was further implied by the image of the fox on packaging and marketing materials. The company also stated the majority of consumers would not believe the line was a serious intentions for them to steal pales, or for their customers to be influenced to steal apples themselves.

The company explained it was a fabricated story which emphasised the importance of the apples from Herefordshire for cider maker. The company also highlighted it was not illegal for a fox to take apples from an orchard. The company stated the phrase ‘Stolen from Herefordshire’ relates directly to the name of the cider, is directly related to the fictional fox thieves, and is incorporated on the same pack as the brand name making the association clearly visible.

The company concluded it did not believe the product breached the Code. The company stated the muted colours, silhouetted imagery and illogical notion of foxes stealing apples would not appeal to under18s or be taken seriously as endorsing or promoting illegal activity. The company emphasised the can design and strapline would not be used further.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel noted the product had recently been withdrawn from the UK market but had been available from UK retailers when the complaint was received; they considered that the complaint was therefore covered by the Code.  The Panel considered the product under rules 3.2(h) and 3.3, cited by the member of the public who originally complained about the product, and rule 3.2(b), raised by the Panel.

The Panel noted that the fox was depicted as a monotone silhouette with no facial expression or eyes.  They considered that the image of the fox did not resemble cartoon imagery of a type that had particular appeal to children and that the overall presentation of the product had a mature feel.  They considered that the product was acceptable under rule 3.2(h).

The Panel discussed the text on the side of the can that said “Stealthy by nature, the fox has been known to sneak into our orchards late at night, hunting the most delicious apples from our Herefordshire homeland. Now we’re stepping in, using our wily friends’ favourite fruit to craft a tasty apple cider that is crisp & refreshing, full of flavour to the last sip”.  They considered that the packaging communicated a brand narrative that was clearly a fictional story, and successfully linked the fox to the apples used in the product.  They considered that the references to thieves and stealing were clearly attributed to the fox and referred to a type of stealing that was not a crime.

The Panel discussed the principles they had established in previous decisions and noted that they had in the past upheld complaints about illustrations of animals on the grounds that they suggested an association with illegal behaviour. They clarified that depictions of anthropomorphised animals engaging in human-like illegal or antisocial behaviour were likely to breach the Code.  In this case, however, they considered that neither the image nor the text presented the fox as anthropomorphic.  They concluded that the packaging did not condone or encourage human criminality and that the product did not breach rule 3.2(b).

The Panel also noted the member of the public who originally complained about the product had cited rule 3.3 but had not provided further information about why they believed the packaging caused serious or widespread offence.  The Panel could not see any aspect of the packaging that was likely to cause serious or widespread offence and considered that the product did not breach rule 3.3.

Action by Company:

None required

Producer: Hammerton Brewery in collaboration with Brew By Numbers

Final Decision: 16 July 2020

Considered under the 6^th Edition of the Code.

Complaint summary:

“I wish to express concern about the naming and packaging of Hammerton Brewery’s beer, ‘Buoyancy Aid’.

My main concern is that the name could be misconstrued as doing exactly what it says on the tin, and suggest it is an aid to swimming after consumption. This is against 3.2j in the Portman Group Code of Practice – to suggest that the product can enhance physical capabilities. The name could also be seen as saying that it’s ok to swim whilst drunk, which is against 3.2b of the Code of Practice – association with a dangerous activity, ie swimming whilst drunk.

My secondary concern is that the packaging graphics also show very prominently the sea, with anthropomorphic cartoon fruits swimming in it. Again I think this is against point 3.2b of the Code of Practice (suggesting a link between swimming and drinking). I also think the cartoon fruits are against point 3.2h of the code, as the bright and colourful fruit characters look to have an appeal to under 18s. The characters are not out-of-keeping with the sort of angry or shocked characters used on various modern-day sour sweets packets sold to children.

I understand the product’s references to the ocean may be to try and champion the beer’s unusual sea-salt ingredient, however I think a potentially dangerous route has inadvertently been chosen to do this.”

Complainant:

Member of the public

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.1:

3.1     The alcoholic nature of a drink should be communicated on its packaging with absolute clarity

 NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(b):

3.2(b) A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest any association with bravado, or with violent, aggressive, dangerous, anti-social or illegal behaviour

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(h):

3.2(h) A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way have a particular appeal to under-18s

NOT UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2(j):

3.2(j)  A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way suggest that the product has therapeutic qualities, can enhance mental or physical capabilities, or change mood or behaviour.

NOT UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company firstly explained that Hammerton Brewery was taking the lead responding to this case.

The company stated they had never received a complaint from consumers or regulators, nor had any retailer suggested the packaging appealed to under-18s or gave physical capabilities.

The company explained the name of the beer; it originated from Guava and Soursop (fruits used within the brewing) which both float, and the sea on the label symbolised the sea salt used. The company highlighted the lack of references which stated the product would help consumers to swim, enhance physical qualities, or implied it was fine to swim while inebriated.

The company stated the beer was only sold in specialist beer shops and online retailers, who have strict codes and procedures to prevent sales to under-18s. The company explained that nobody who saw it would believe the product helped your swim or promoted drinking and swimming.

The company highlighted that the product clearly stated the alcoholic percentage, that it was brewed and listed the ingredients.

The company addressed the complaint that the fruit appealed to under-18s; they stated the illustration showed the exotic ingredients and was not designed to appeal to children.

The company quoted from the ICP decisions for Gamma Ray and Neck Oil:

“…importance on the levels of luminance and contrast between the colours. The panel concluded that the contrast between the colours were not strong and therefore on a basis of colour, the packaging would not have a particular appeal to under 18s.”

The company argued the same reasoning should be applied to Buoyancy Aid on the basis of colour.

The company stated the floating exotic fruits and text in no way implied enhancement of physical abilities or endorsed drinking while swimming.

The company listed cues which communicated that the product contained alcohol:

• Prominent use of alcohol content on front and back of the can
• Number of UK Alcohol units in a way approved by Campden BRI’s packaging check service
• BEER written in numerous different languages on label
• Ingredients shown i.e. malt, barley, hops, wheat, yeast all ingredients commonly known for creating beer
• Pregnancy consumption advisory logo
• Brewed words on the front of the label
• Hammerton Brewery name and website on numerous parts of the packaging

The company noted the Panel had not upheld complaints about Gamma Ray because the alcoholic content was clear, and recognised packaging which had come to define the craft beer category.  The company argued that UK consumers recognised the style as distinctively associated with craft beer, and not appealing to under-18s.

The company concluded that the high cost, £5 per unit (due to cost of ingredients), made it particularly unappealing to under-18s.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel firstly discussed Code Rule 3.1, which was raised by the Panel.

The Panel expressed concerns that the front of the can was very busy, and the descriptor ‘Soursop and Guava Gose 4.2%’ was not widely understood by the average consumer. However, they concluded that the line ‘brewed to our resolution’ on the front of the can and the information on the back of the can did mean the alcoholic nature was conveyed with clarity. The Panel agreed the producer could do more to ensure the information was displayed more clearly on the front on the can but taking the product in its entirety they did not believe the product breached Code Rule 3.1.

The Panel then moved to Code Rule 3.2(b), specifically the complainant’s concern about a connection between the product’s label and swimming while consuming alcohol. The Panel emphasised that making a connection between drinking alcohol and swimming was inappropriate, but they did not believe that this connection was made on Buoyancy Aid’s packaging. The Panel noted that ‘Buoyancy Aid’ was a noun and not an encouragement to swim and considered that the product was not making the connection between drinking and swimming. The Panel also considered that the berries were not anthropomorphised with arms and legs and appeared to be floating more than swimming. The Panel therefore concluded there was no breach under Code Rule 3.2(b).

The Panel then discussed the complaint under Code Rule 3.2(h). The Panel considered that the muted nature of the colours and the non-anthropomorphic fruits did not have particular appeal to under-18s. The Panel also noted the size of the can was 440ml, a widely perceived as a container size for alcoholic products and a cue it was not a soft drink for children. The Panel looked at the product in detail and noted some more expressive characters, particularly the grumpy looking berry by the name of the product and the berry sticking out its tongue on the back. However, the Panel did not believe this was strong enough to constitute particular appeal to under-18s and therefore did not uphold under 3.2(h).

Finally, the Panel discussed Code Rule 3.2(j). The Panel was clear that they did not believe the product was suggesting it gave the consumer the ability to float better and they did not think consumers would interpret in that way. They discussed whether the product name implied that it buoyed up the mood of the consumer, but noted the images and branding did not promote that interpretation.  Having taken the overall impression into account, the Panel considered that the product did not imply that it would change the consumer’s mood or behaviour. The Panel concluded Buoyancy Aid did not breach 3.2(j).

Action by Company:

None required

Product:                  Frosty Jack’s Cider

Producer:                Aston Manor

Final Decision: 16 July 2020

Considered under the 6^th Edition of the Code.

Code Signatory:

Yes

Complainant:

Member of the public

Complaint summary:

“I would like to complain about the product produced by Aston Manor Brewery, Frosty Jack’s. I have seen this product on numerous supermarket shelves and feel like it has a great appeal to children and those under the age of 18.

As Frosty Jack’s is produced in 2.5L blue plastic bottles, this is very similar to existing soft drink brands including sprite, 7UP, which come in green plastic 2L bottles. It is hard to draw to mind and other alcoholic beverages that are sold in plastic bottles above the 1.5L size. Therefore, I would think that both 3.2(h) and 3.2(i) are in breach. These types of bottles would also be stacked in the same way in a personal fridge and children may get confused by the bright coloured plastic and the contents of what may be inside of the bottle. The fact the bottle is blue may be confused with “bubble gum” flavoured pop which is also blue or a range on isotonic drinks which are also blue.

The name Frosty Jack’s, I believe is also in breach of code 3.2(h) and 3.2(i), since Jack Frost has it roots deep in early 19th Century literature over the years the character Jack Frost has appeared generally as appealing to children and being friends with Santa Claus. He has appeared in video games marketed at children, children books, films and other literature children are especially exposed to in the autumn and winter months from a very early age. The character Jack Frost is well loved and rooted in children deep from an early age along with Santa, therefore it would not be surprising if any small child mistook “Frosty Jack’s” for a drink for Jack Frost aimed for children.

The rebranded has muted colours of white and grey that show scenes of snow, ice and a general winter feel, therefore a child may enjoy the scenery and feel like it is aimed at them or misconstrued the name “Frosty” as a thirst quenching drink to drink when it is particularly warm. Like any child would with an ice pop, or choc ice’s. (E.g Mr Freeze Jubbly Ice Lolly’s widely available) The image of Jack Frost also is associated with snow men that particularly appeal to children as a pastime.

Furthermore 3.2(f) I feel is also breached because 2.5L at 7.5% is quite a large quantity of alcohol for a single container and is mostly unseen in any other form, beer and spirits are in lower quantity containers.

There is also a great similarity with the apple on the logo and that of Apple Inc, who produce smartphones tablets etc, most teenagers will have access to these devices before they are 18. They are extremely similar and given the addiction of teens on technology it would be easy for a teen to think that this may be part of the same company.

Finally in relation to 3.2(f) the first page of search engines hazards newspaper reports of people who have binge drinked and have indulged in Frosty Jack’s cider setting the scene for a binge drinking culture around the brand.”

Decision:

Under Code rule 3.1(f)

3.2(f)  A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way encourage illegal, irresponsible or immoderate consumption, such as drink-driving, binge-drinking or drunkenness

NOT UPHELD

Under Code rule 3.1(h)

3.2(h) A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way have a particular appeal to under-18s

NOT UPHELD

Under Code rule 3.1(j)

3.2(i)  A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way incorporate images of people who are, or look as if they are, under 25 years of age, where there is any suggestion that they are drinking alcohol, or they are featured in a significant role. Images may be shown where people appear only in an incidental context.

NOT UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company stated they were a responsible producer and outlined their commitments and investment in sustainability, corporate performance and social responsibility.  They said they were members of the Portman Group, a supporter of Drinkaware and had committed to the Alcohol Education Trust until at least 2022.

The company said they had made changes to their product pack sizes, including changing the size of Frosty Jack’s from 3 litre to 2.5 litre, which had reduced the overall amount of alcohol consumed. They said they had invested considerable resources to encourage an informed and balanced debate around alcohol so that approaches were effective and proportionate. They highlighted independent studies they had funded to research the views of both frontline drug and alcohol workers and UK adults on the effectiveness of different approaches. They said the views expressed in both studies were that it would be a disservice to the small minority of those struggling with misuse to believe the simplicity of whole-population measure would address the complex and often personal reasons people misused a range of substances. The company said they supported that position.

Context of the ‘white cider’ category/consumer

The company stated white cider accounted for less than 4% of cider sales, less than 0.27% of total alcohol, and was in long-term decline.

The company said the media’s portrayal of the category and brand was inaccurate and given undue prominence: they believed white cider consumers were maligned without justification.

The stated 92% of white cider drinkers were employed and 79% had household income under £20,000 (‘just about managing’ families). They said these consumers had a repertoire of drinks that naturally included more value products, given their income. The company said white cider consumers spent more on spirit, beer and wine than they did on white cider and that, when they switched their white cider expenditure to other drinks categories, they tended to switch to higher-strength products such as spirits, wine and sparkling wine (in that order). They sent information generated from their own market data and research conducted for them by independent research agencies to support these figures.

The company argued there was nothing to point to white cider drinkers’ consumptions being excessive, and said more their more affluent neighbours would direct more of their consumption to higher strength products like wine.

The company addressed the complaint about similarity to soft drink brands.  They stated packaging sizes were consistent for drinks whether they contained alcohol or not. The company explained that colour was added to the glass or plastic used for alcohol products because exposure to light could alter the taste and colour of the drink. They noted that, historically, different colours were used for different product categories and blue had been commonly used for cider packaging for decades.  The company explained the colour served a practical purpose and, although modern production methods had lessened the need for coloured bottles, it was a commonly understood practice and was clearly not intended to mimic soft drinks or cause confusion.

The company responded to the complainant’s concern about ‘bubble gum flavoured pop’ and isotonic drinks; the company stated this was without foundation and the complainant had not objected to the fact that the product was clearly labelled as cider/alcohol. The company argued that ‘bubble gum’ flavoured drinks displayed that description very prominently and provided images of examples. The company stated it had been impossible to find a PET pack of an isotonic drink larger than 500ml.

The company argued that, because both the size and colour of packaging was associated with both alcoholic and soft drinks, what was at issue was whether the product made clear that it was an alcoholic product.  They noted the complainant had not objected that the product failed to make clear its alcoholic nature.

The company responded to the complainant’s concern about the character Frosty Jack. The company stated no connection was ever made or implied between the product and Jack Frost. The company also stated that no imagery has ever been used in their packaging or marketing to characterise Frosty Jack, or Jack Frost. The company explained the connection between cider and ‘jack’ related to a distillation process called ‘apple jacking’, which involved very low temperatures, and they noted many cider brands included ‘jack’ references in their product names.

The company said the branding hinted at snow and ice and was an evident and legitimate reference to ‘apple jacking’ and the serving suggestion to ‘serve Frosty over ice’.

The company then addressed concerns around the strength of the product; the company stated the total numbers of units and CMO guidance were clearly provided, as wells as the number of units in a standard serving (half pint). The company highlighted it was a resealable pack and a quality product and argued there was no need to advise for it to be consumed within a specific period.

The company said the link to the Apple logo was barley credible, and the logo represented the largest ingredient of the product, apples. The company said it was legitimate, relevant and a positive image to have included on the product, and that it would be hard to find a cider product which did not use an apple in some form. The company also explained minimalism was a hallmark of Apple and has never been for Frosty Jack’s.

The company said there was nothing on the packaging, marketing or communication that suggested a binge drinking culture linked to the brand. The company said their internal compliance team reviewed their social media content to ensure they complied with rules and guidelines.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel acknowledged that the complainant had cited rule 3.2(i) but they noted the packaging did not feature images of people of any age.  They concluded that the product did not breach rule 3.2(i).

The Panel discussed whether the product had particular appeal to under-18s.

They first addressed the complainant’s concern about implicit links to the Jack Frost character and to Apple logos.  The Panel noted the packaging did not feature a Jack Frost character.  They found nothing on the packaging that resembled Apple (the technology company)’s branding and considered that it was entirely reasonable for cider products to reference apples in general.

The Panel debated the complainant’s wider concerns about the colour scheme and branding.  They considered that the packaging was relatively plain and did not include high-contrast colours or illustrations likely to appeal to under-18s.  They considered that blue packaging was not inherently problematic.  Some Panel members could see a potential link to bubblegum colours but others argued that the packaging was not reminiscent of bubblegum or soft drink branding.  The Panel agreed that the overall impression conveyed by the packaging did not have particular appeal to under-18s and concluded that the product did not breach rule 3.2(h).

The Panel gave careful consideration to the complainant’s concern that the product encouraged immoderate consumption.  The Panel had regard to the Portman Group’s research on consumer perceptions of different types of alcohol container, conducted in 2019.

Panel members had experience of seeing vulnerable people with alcohol problems drinking white cider.  The Panel acknowledged the wider cultural context around the product category including concerns that it was sold predominantly through convenience stores where vulnerable consumers, including street drinkers, were likely to buy alcohol.  The Panel looked closely at the packaging to assess whether it encouraged immoderate consumption by either average or vulnerable consumers.

The Panel saw that the label included the unit content for the bottle and per serving.  They considered that the product could more clearly promote sharing and responsible consumption, but noted that it did give consumers information about the recommended serving size.

The Panel noted the Guidance published by the Portman Group’s Advisory Service recommended that containers that were typically single-serve should not contain more than four units of alcohol.  The Panel also referred to research commissioned by the Portman Group, which found that a large majority of consumers believed bottles containing more than 2 litres were designed to be shared and/or consumed over more than one sitting.  The Panel discussed whether any elements of this product’s packaging would counteract consumers’ usual assumption that this type of product contained multiple servings or encourage them to drink excessive quantities in one sitting.  The Panel found no elements of the product packaging that compelled or encouraged immoderate consumption.

The Panel concluded that the product did not breach rule 3.2(f).

Action by company:

None required

Producer: Van Pur S.A.

Final Decision: 30 January 2020

Considered under the 6^th Edition of the Code.

Complaint summary:

“Although there is no direct reference to the strength of the product, the red and bold font of the alcohol strength at 9% against a black background gives indirect reference to the alcohol strength. Additionally, the product is 4.5 units in a 500ml can.

The product’s packaging and alcoholic strength encourages immoderate consumption, as the number of units at 4.5 exceeds the recommended dose in a single -serve container. There seem to be no mitigating factors in favour of the packaging, which lacks a ‘share’ message or a ‘per serve’ recommendation, it is non-resealable, the producer is not able to demonstrate that the contents are to be shared (by decanting) or consumed over more than one sitting. Although there is a reference to the Drinkaware website and the number of units in the container, this does not diminish the fact that this stronger than average lager is to be consumed at one sitting by one consumer”.

Complainant:

Zenith Global (as part of the independent audit of the Sixth Edition of the Code 2019)

Decision:

Under Code paragraph 3.2(a)

A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way give the higher alcoholic strength, or intoxicating effect, undue emphasis. A product’s lower alcoholic strength may be emphasised proportionately when it is below the average strength for similar beverages. Factual information about alcoholic strength may be given.

UPHELD

Under Code paragraph 3.2 (f)

A drink, its packaging and any promotional material or activity should not in any direct or indirect way encourage illegal, irresponsible or immoderate consumption, such as drink-driving, binge-drinking or drunkenness.

UPHELD

The company’s submission

The company firstly stated they did not believe the information ‘9%’ was misleading to the average beer consumer. The company referenced art. 7 of Regulation 1169/2011 and said that, in light of decisions from European Court of Justice, it could be assumed the average beer consumer would not be encouraged to consume more of the product due solely to the presentation of the alcoholic strength in the product. The company stated “Karpackie 9%” was an element of the name which could be provided on a voluntary basis under article 36, section 2 of that Regulation.

The company noted the product had a high alcoholic strength per unit package and as such was classified as a super strong lager. They said the law did not prohibit such products and stated that they sold the product in numerous countries worldwide. They said that, in their experience, most manufacturers of beers in this category presented the alcoholic strength on the front of the can in a clear manner.

The company said they believed 9% was factual information about the alcoholic strength of the product. The company noted rule 3.2 (a) did not specify the “higher alcoholic strength” referred to, as opposed to lower alcoholic strength. They said 9% was a typical strength for beer in this category and argued that “9%” did not emphasise that the beer was stronger than other similar ones.

The company stated 3.2 (f) was a general standard and did not specify what exactly encouragement of immoderate consumption was. The company said it was not possible to claim the labelling encouraged immoderate consumption, when looking at the labelling from a comprehensive perspective. The company said “9%” was a message that clearly warned to consumers about the type of product it was. They emphasised that the lack of this information could be misleading and could lead consumers to purchase a beer stronger than planned. The company referred to another range of beers that identified one product in the range with the alcoholic strength.

The company stated they did not wish to limit themselves to placing a warning about alcohol consumption through the drink responsibly icon. They explained they also wanted to add a note that the product contained more than one recommended portion and that it must be consumed responsibly. The company said they wanted to add information recommending that consumers divide the consumption of their 9% beer over more than one portion, with the declaration ‘best served shared’. The company added they had faith in the consumers rationality. They argued that the alcoholic strength presented on the packaging did not indicate that the manufacturer encouraged consumption of excess amounts of alcohol. They said they understood that certain recommendations about beer consumption were assumed for adults, but those recommendations had no legal effect when it came to product labelling.

The company said 3.2(a) and 3.2(f) could be interpreted differently: they argued that one might take a subjective approach, as they believed the complainants had, but they believed it was better to refer to objective criteria such as the average consumer. The company expressed concern that a “subjective interpretation” of standards as general as these concerning a product, which fulfilled the requirements of commonly effective law, might lead to groundless commercial barriers ie infringe upon free movement of goods and free competition. They argued that this would consequentially lead to unauthorized restriction of the manufacturer’s freedom to format the message concerning the product.

The company maintained that the naming “9%” on the front of the can did not infringe the Code. They said they would like to continue to communicate that information, also because they wanted to allow consumers to have a choice in the diverse offer of beer, including both light, mainstream, strong and super strong lagers.

The company said that they were planning to modify the packaging to add the message “the can contains more than 1 recommended serving – drink responsibly and do not abuse alcohol”. The company said that, after looking at products from other manufacturers in other markets, they planned to add ‘vol.’ or ‘alc.’ after “9%”, to make it clear that this information concerned alcohol strength. They said they also planned to add “best served shared”, which they said was a common and approved market practice. After receiving the Panel’s provisional decision, the company said they were planning to change the packaging and asked to meet the Panel in person to discuss their new design. They explained that they were also making changes to the whole Karpackie product line, to meet the requirements of new European legislation. They sent an initial design for the new packaging and asked for the Panel to delay their final decision by three or four months.

The Panel’s assessment

The Panel noted the Advisory Service’s guidance for the new Code, which they had seen and discussed at a previous meeting, and in particular the guidance that:

containers which are typically single-serve, and whose contents are typically consumed by one person in one sitting, should not contain more than four units. This position has received support from the CMO’s and the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) as an appropriate threshold to help reduce alcohol-related harms.

The Panel considered that single-serve containers containing more than four units of alcohol risked encouraging immoderate consumption; they noted that research had found consumers regarded 500ml cans as single-serve products. The Panel noted this product stated it contained 4.5 units of alcohol. They also noted the packaging included the Chief Medical Officer’s weekly consumption guidelines and the drinkaware.co.uk address and but considered that this information was inconspicuous and printed in small type.

The Panel considered that because the container was not resealable, was of a type typically consumed by one person in one sitting and contained 4.5 units, the product was likely to encourage immoderate consumption. The Panel acknowledged the company’s intention to add a sharing message to the can in the future, but noted that it was considering the product as it was currently packaged.

The Panel also discussed whether the packaging gave undue emphasis to the strength of the product, which they noted was higher than the average strength for the lager category. The Panel acknowledged that producers needed to communicate the strength of their products and to differentiate products within the same range, which was useful information for the consumer. The Panel considered, however, that incorporating the ABV into the brand name of a product, when it was higher than the average strength for the category, risked giving undue emphasis to the strength. The Panel therefore gave careful consideration to the presentation of strength on this product. They noted that “9%” appeared in large red type and considered that it was a prominent element of the design, and the most prominent text on the can. They noted that other products in the Karpackie range had a similar design but were differentiated by name, whereas this product variant was differentiated with a number. The Panel considered that it would be possible to refer the higher strength with phrases such as “extra strong” or “import”, which they believed would indicate to consumers that the product was stronger than others in the same brand family without giving undue emphasis to the higher strength. The Panel was concerned that highlighting “9%” in prominent red type emphasised the higher strength, and was further concerned that this might appeal particularly to those who were vulnerable, in this case because of their drinking. The Panel noted that for the first time, the introduction to the new Code referred to consumers who may be vulnerable. They concluded that this presentation went beyond giving factual information and gave undue emphasis to the higher strength of the product.

The Panel acknowledged that the company was based outside the UK and may have been unaware of the Code, or the advice available through the Portman Group’s Advisory Service, when they designed the packaging. The Panel welcomed the company’s willingness to make changes to bring their product into line with the Code and noted they were planning to redesign their packaging across the Karpackie product line in the near future. The Panel confirmed that its decision related to the version of the packaging that the complainant had identified, however, and was not able to comment on the proposed redesign.

The Panel concluded that the packaging of this product breached Code rules 3.2(a) and 3.2(f).

Action by Company:

To find out more, read the press release here.